DokuWiki will not run without a web server and PHP.
There are, indeed, web servers which will run under Android, but I can't tell if any of them would be capable of supporting DokuWiki. A long time ago, I tried doing something like this but was not successful because the file system could not be used by DokuWiki. Perhaps this is no longer an issue, but be prepared to do some experimenting.
A look at the siteexport plugin might be useful. This plugin offers to export part or all of your wiki as a set of HTML files. It ought to be possible to read them on your phone using the web browser, I would think.