Hello,
If I install dokuwiki and want to access it from wiki.jackalope.tech how would I set my DNS record?
Just make wiki.jackalope.tech point to the same public IP. This is common practice. Many names that resolve to the same IP.
Additionally I'm not entirely clear about the install process for DokuWiki alongside an already existing program like NextCloud. Do I just run both webapps off the same apache server or do I need to run two apache servers off my PC?
What you need is called virtual server by name. IE you have one webserver, but two different webserver configuration sets based on the name. No need to create another webserver instance. There is only one webserver, because you have only one IP that must be shared between your cloud and your wiki. The webserver will know wich configuration it has to use, because the name is included is each request clients make. When cloud.jackalope.tech is accessed, one configuration is used, when wiki.jacklope.tech is accessed, this is another configuration. Ubuntu makes it really easy to create such sets, provided that you use apache or nginx. The advantage is of course to keep things separate, and so, one configration does not conflict with the other one. By default, ubuntu creates a default virtual server by name. This default virtual server currently most probably manages your cloud. All you have to do is to add another virtual server dedicated to the name wiki.jackalope.tech, and things should just automagically work. I'll give example for apache.
Under /etc/apache2 there are among other things two directories used to manage virtual server. One is called sites-available, the other is called sites-enabled. in sites-available, create an apache config file named wiki.jackalope.tech.conf. The content will be something like this :
# This is an example only...
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName wiki.jackalope.tech
ServerAdmin you@jackalope.tech
DocumentRoot /var/www/wiki.jackalope.tech
<Directory />
require all denied
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/wiki.jackalope.tech/>
require all granted
# Eventually other needed configuration
</Directory>
<Directory ~ "/var/www/wiki.jackalope.tech/(bin/|conf/|data/|inc/lang/|lib/_fla/)">
Require all denied
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
you must then enable this configuration. Place a symlink in sites-enabled that points to the config file in sites-available. You may do it by hand, using such a command as
ln -s ../sites-available/wiki.jackalope.tech.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled[/m] or a specialized debuntu-specific command [m]a2ensite wiki.jackalope.tech.conf[/m] which will do the same thing and invite you to reload your apache configuration : [m]systemctl reload apache2[/m] or the like. If you use nginx, there are also those two directories under [m]/etc/nginx, but no specific commands; you must create the symlink by hand.
You will probably get more useful help on ubuntu forum.
When you're done, you can install DokuWiki in directory /var/www/wiki.jackalope.tech. check the requirements and follow the installation procedure described in
https://www.dokuwiki.org/install .
Also if I want my dokuwiki article files to be accessible from my NextCloud web interface, or at least backed up by my NextCloud application so that I can then sync my article files over to my laptop to edit direct, would that be possible? How would I do that?
No idea.